In USA, Thanksgiving is a very important holiday. It’s the oldest American holiday, first celebrated in 17^th century, due to Pilgrims. It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. Families usually meet themselves together, have a big dinner, eat stuffed turkey and a pumpkin pie.

The other important day is Independence Day. The fourth of July has been the most important annual national holiday in the United States since 1776, when America was declared independent. The day is celebrated with parades, picnics, speeches, fireworks and bonfires.

Halloween is the day all American children wait for- they say trick or treat behind your door and you give them candy. Children dress up in funny clothes and masks. The name Halloween means All Hallows Eve-the Eve of All Saint’s day, celebrated on October the 31^st. Ghosts, witches, spirits are all present in celebrations. People even decor their houses-often with Jack O’ Lantern, a pumpkin witch holes as a face in it.

Saint Valentine’ s day, is lover’s holiday. People give presents, send greeting cards to people they like or admire.

In Britain, they also celebrate Saint Valentine’s day, Halloween… but as in the rest of Europe, Easter is also celebrated there. It is an ancient symbol of life and spring, Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life.

On November the 5^th, there is Guy Fawkes night. The unsuccessful plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605 is commemorated with bonfires, burning of guys as Guy Fawkes (whose gunpowder was discovered and he with his other companions were executed).

On November the 11^th or the nearest Sunday, Remembrance Day is celebrated. It is a ceremony in Whitehall in London when there are 2 minutes of silent to remember those who were killed during 2^nd world war.

In Czech Republic, we have so many holidays and special traditions due to our very rich history. Starting with the 1^st of January, as New Year. People eat lentils to have money in the future year.

In April, there is Easter Sunday and Monday. It is celebrated on the first full moon after March, 21^st. The symbols are eggs, flowers, lamb, hare (zajíček). In Czech Republic, boys whip (šlehat) girls so they stay attractive for men in future year.

In May, there are two holidays- on May the 1^st, there is Workers day (it has origins in Communist era), on May the 8^th, there is Liberation day, which celebrates the end of the 2^nd world war.

On July, the 5^th, we celebrate Cyril and Methodius day. We remember two important priest for our country-they brought Christianity to the Slavic people in central Europe.

The day after, July the 6^th, we remember Jan Hus, a catholic priest who was burned at the stake (hranice).

On September the 28^th, we have Saint Wenceslas day, as the anniversary of prince Wenceslas, also known as Czech Statehood day.

On October the 28^th, we celebrate Czechoslovak Independence Day, when in 1918, the independent Czechoslovak republic was founded.

Many people even nowadays remember communist era and demonstrations connected to it- on November the 17^th, we remember the Struggle for freedom and democracy day, because in 1989, there was a giant demonstration against communism which started the Velvet revolution.

Of course we celebrate Christmas in Czech Republic too. It’s divided into: Christmas Eve (24^th), Christmas Day (25^th) and Saint Stephen’s day (26^th). It celebrates the birth of Christ. Families gather together, they eat carp and potato salad, cut the apples and sing carols.

Tuto maturitní otázku vytvořila Natálie V. Další maturitní otázky z angličtiny najdete zde:

• https://anglictina-maturita.cz/seznam-maturitnich-otazek-z-anglictiny/

The post Holidays and festivals first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

• https://anglictina-maturita.cz/seznam-maturitnich-otazek-z-anglictiny/

Prague is the capital city of Czech Republic. It is situated in Central Bohemian Region along the Vltava river. It has 1.3 million inhabitants. It is the centre of government, economics, culture, also a political, administrative, financial and commercial centre. It’s also the residence of Czech president. It is a magical city of bridges, cathedrals, towers, red roofs.

A legend connects its foundation with princess Libuše. In 14^th century, bohemian king Charles IV. Transformed Prague into an imperial capital. He founded Charles University. During his reign, the town flourished, the same as in 16th century, when bohemian king Rudolf II. Chose Prague as his residence. During 19th century, National theatre was opened by the opera Libuše from Bedřich Smetana and the Petřín tower was opened for the public. In 20th century, many events happened in Prague, such as Nazi occupation (that happened not only in Prague of course), the \Prague Spring or Velvet revolution.

As for transport, you can use trams, buses, underground (3 lines). There are two railway stations. Masaryk station and Wilson station. We also have one airport-Václav Havel airport-named after the first Czech president Václav Havel. For bigger comfort, you can use taxi or Uber, Taxify services. During summer, there’s also a possibility of using Rekola.

Prague is the centre of culture in Czech Republic. There are many theatres, the main ones are Smetana Theatre, which is the State Opera, Vinohrady and National theatre. There are many halls, such as Lucerna Palace-Great Hall, or Žofín palace, where graduation balls are held.

In the city centre, there are mainly shops with souvenirs for tourists, but there are also many shopping centres (Nový Smíchov, Arkády, Letňany). People, especially tourists, tend to do window shopping (očumování výloh).

In Prague, there are so many places of interest:

• Wenceslas Square -real centre of the city, national museum at the top, includes the statue of Czech patron Saint Wenceslas, overcrowded with tourists
• The Municipal House-in 1918, independent Czechoslovak republic was declared here, art nouveau style, today it’s main concert venue
• Celetná street-connected with life of author Franz Kafka
• Karolinum-part of Charles university since 1383, central interior space used for commencement ceremonies and other official events
• The Old Town Hall-gothic style, execution of 27 noblemen in 1621, burned down in May 1945
• Astronomical clock-oldest part of Orloj, 12 apostolles and other figures appear when the clock strikes the hour
• The Charles bridge-gothic, statues baroque, connects the Old Town and Lesser Town (Malá Strana), many artists
• Prague castle-seat of the president, guarded by guards in uniforms
• Saint Vitus cathedral-gothic, king Charles and his four wifes are buried here, includes the Crown chamber with Bohemian Coronation Jewels
• Petřín tower-copy of Eiffel tower, includes the Mirror maze, nice gardens around

The post Prague – maturitní otázka first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

Basic information

• Capital: Washington D.C.
• Area: North America (third largest country in the world)
• Population: 328,2 millions
• Nationalities: Afroameričané – 12,1 % (asi 34,9 milionu) Asijští Američané – 4,3 % (12,5 milionu) Američtí indiáni – 0,8 % (2,4 milionu) Havajci a ostatní pacifičtí ostrované – 0,1 % (0,4 milionu), European (white) 82%
• Languages: English, Spanish
• Political system: Federative constitutional republic (federativní ustavní repulibka)
• Head of state: Joe Biden
• Law-making body (zákonodárný organ): something that makes laws
• Congress          consists of House of Representatives and Senate
• Date of foundation: 4. 7. 1776

Why is the USA sometimes called “the melting pot” or “the salad bowl”?

The “melting pot” metaphor is used to describe how immigrants who come to America eventually become assimilated into American culture, thus creating multiple cultures that have blended into one. The “salad bowl” metaphor is a different view describing that immigrants who come to America combine their cultures with others, but still retain their own cultural identity. Basically, America is one big integration of unique, distinct cultures.

History

In 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent. He was looking for a saver way to India so when he landed on an island in the Caribbean Columbus believed that he had landed on the coast of India and named the people there Indians. However, the continent is named after Amerigo Vespucci, another Italian explorer who made many voyages to South America and wrote detailed descriptions of the New World.

The USA consist of 50 states, the Federal District of Columbia and outlying US territories such as Puerto Rico, the Panama Canal Zone, Virgin Islands and several islands in the South Pacific. The US is bounded in the west by Pacific Ocean, in the north by Mexico/Canada, in the east by Atlantic Ocean and in the south by Canada/Mexico. There are 48 states between these borders. Alaska, which became the 49th state in 1959 occupies the north-western part of the North American continent and is separated from the continental US by Canada. Hawaii, which became the 50th state in the same year, is situated approximately half-way between American and Asian continent.

The largest state is Alaska, the second largest is Texas. The smallest state is Rhode Island. The longest river is Mississippi (6 400km). The highest mountain is Denali (Mount McKinley) in Alaska. The lowest point is Death Valley in Eastern California (86 metres below the sea level).

Landscape and climate

There are two great mountain ranges in the USA: the Appalachian Mountains on the east coast and Sierra Nevada Rocky Mountain in the west, both running from north to south.

The Atlantic seacoast is mountainous and rocky in the north-east. In the south there is a wide coastal plain between the mountains and the sea.

Half of the USA lies between the mountains. These interior plains include Central Lowland, Great Lakes section and the Great Plain. This region is drained by the Mississippi and its eight branches. This Mississippi valley is one of the greatest fertile plains on the earth. Extensive areas of prairies are found in its south-western part.

The Great Lakes Region in the north has also fertile lands and the most fertile region in the west is the Central Valley of California.

One third of the land is covered with forests.

There is tundra in Alaska and the Hawaii islands are volcanic tropical islands.

The climate varies along with the landscape. The weather ranges from the warm, wet conditions of the Appalachians to the desert conditions in some of the western states. It varies from almost winterless climates in Arizona and Florida to long and very cold winters in Montana and the Dakota. The warm Gulf Stream flowing from Florida influences the climate of the Atlantic seacoast.

Rivers and lakes

The rivers entering the Atlantic between the St Lawrence and the Gulf of Mexico are short. They are: the Hudson, the Delaware, the Potomac and so on.

The main river entering the Gulf of Mexico is the Mississippi. Together with its principal tributary, the Missouri, the Mississippi is over 6,000km long. Other tributaries are The Ohio, the Red river, the Arkansas and etc.

Another river that flows into the Gulf of Mexico is the Rio Grande, which form the border between the USA and Mexico.

The Great Lakes Region includes five lakes in the north east: Ontario, Erie, Michigan, Superior and Huron. The river Niagara, flowing between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, forms the Niagara Falls.

4 of the lakes form water border between Canada and the USA. The only American lake is Lake Michigan.

Look at the abbreviations of some American states and write their full name:

AZ          Arizona                                               NY          New York

CA          California                                            OH         Ohio

FL           Florida                                                 MT         Montana

IL            Illinois

NV         Nevada

UT          Utah (solné jezezo)

TX           Texas

The UK and the USA are said to be two countries divided by common language. There are differences between British and American English in vocabulary, spelling, grammar, stress (přízvuk), pronunciation and intonation.

What are the American English words for the following British words?

Chips – French fries

Petrol – gas, gasoline

Shopping centre – (shopping center)    mall

Flat – apartment

Secondary school – high school

Return ticket – round-trip ticket       (zpáteční jízdenka)

Underground – subway

Football – soccer

Film – movie

Holiday – vacation

toilet – rest room

Washington D.C.

Washington D.C. is the capital of the US, situated on the north-east coast of the USA on the Potomac River, in the District of Columbia.  The site of the capital was chosen by President Washington himself because he knew this area very well. The city was designed by French architect Pierre L’Enfant in the late 18th century. The city was divided into 4 quadrants (northwest, southwest, and northeast, southeast) with the Capitol as the centre. The main industry in Washington is the Federal Government, the second is tourism.

There are three important buildings in Washington:

• The White House: it is official seat of the president
• The Capitol: it is the meeting place of the US legislature/congers
• The Pentagon: it is the seat of the Ministry of Defence in the US state of Virginia

The top landmarks (apart from the above mentioned buildings) situated in Washington D.C. are: Washington Monument, Smithsonian Institution, National Mall, National Air and Space Museum

Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial and Washington monument

Can you name any American presidents? (6)

Joe Biden, Donald Trump, Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush

What is there on the American flag? Why? Flag has thirteen horizontal stripes (seven red and six white) and a blue canton (seven stripes wide), in which are placed fifty white five-pointed stars in nine rows (alternating five and six stars). The bars represent the thirteen original, founding states of the Union, the stars the current number of states of the Union.

What is the flag sometimes called? The Stars and Stripes

New York

Broadway: is a theatre in New York, was opened on Christmas Day 1924, also a street where other 40t theatres are

Wall Street: is a street in the southern part of Manhattan Island, is the headquarters of the New York Stock Exchange and other businesses and banks, financial heart

Manhattan: is an island off the east coast of the United States, in the state of New York at the mouth of the Hudson River. What else why is it famous

Times Square: is a large intersection and area between Broadway and Seventh Avenue, part of the Manhattan portion of Midtown Manhattan, Times Square is home to a number of companies, there is a lot of billboards

Central Park: is a large public city park, the largest city park in the United States, this park is visited by 25 million people a year

5th avenue: is the main street in the centre of Manhattan in New York, there are also lots of shops, it is the most famous and most expensive street in New York

Ellis Island (Island of tears): is an island at the mouth of the Hudson River near New York City, why is it famous?

The Statue of Liberty: is a statue standing on Liberty Island near New York City, The statue is 46 meters high more

General Overview of California

California is one of the most visited states   of the USA and i tis situated in the South-west     of the country. The state is nicknamed The Golden State because of the Gold Rush    period. San Francisco and Los Angeles are major cities and Hollywood is famous for its film stars. Oregon, Nevada, Arizona and Mexico in the south are neighbour   states. It has a long coastline bordering the Pacific Ocean. That’s why the climate is mild   . Geographically speaking, mountain i tis a land of contrasts: in the North, the eye discovers the  Rocky   mountains – the Highest  is  Mount Whitney reaching   4222   metres – whereas in the south, a huge desert  is stretching out. Alcatraz is a well-known prison reserved to tough gangsters and murderers.  Finally, let us not forget the Silicon Valley, the place where Apple started making computers a few years ago.

Horseshoe Bend

is a multi – carved meander of the Colorado River, located in Arizona

Yellowstone National Park

Located in the US states of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, it is the oldest national park in the world, there is the Old Faithful geyser

Interesting places, facts

National parks

The United States has 62 protected areas known as national parks. Yellowstone is the first established NP in the world and the oldest in the US. It was established in 1872 and it is a UNESCO world heritage site. It is located in the western US, with parts in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser.

Other famous NP:

Yosemite, Everglades, Grand Canyon, Death Valley, Glacier, Rocky mountain, Acadia, Arches, Great Smoky mountains, Olympic and so on

Choose one NP in the USA and write something more about it – name, location, when established, famous for/what we can see there

Glacier National Park is located in Montana, USA, on the border with the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. It has an area of more than 4000 square meters. There are two ridges of the Rocky Mountains and more than 130 lakes. Together with the Canadian Waterton Lakes Park, it is part of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage as the „Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park“.

Another well-known natural attraction is The Niagara Falls.

San Francisco: San Francisco is a city on the west coast of the USA in the California. The city is famous for its cold summers, fog, steep hills, the Golden Gate Bridge and the former prison on the island of Alcatraz. The city is called one of the most beautiful cities in the world, definitely worth a visiting.

There is a cableway in the streets.

New Orleans: New Orleans is one of the most important port cities in the United States, as well as the largest city in Louisiana and one of the most important cities in the southern United States. The city lies on the Mississippi River south of Lake Pontchartrain, through which you can reach the city by the second longest bridge in the world, Lake Pontchartrain Causeway. There is a great risk of flooding. In 2005, the city was hit by Hurricane Katrina, and there were also major floods. There are many monuments that people visit. Music style in New Orleans is jazz. (kélébka jazzu). On the Bourbon Street we find a lot of bars, clubs and enjoy.

Chicago: Chicago is located in the state of Illinois on the shores of Lake Michigan. For political reasons, the city is nicknamed Windy City and thanks to the large number of parks, the city is also nicknamed City in a Garden. The city is very green and clean compared to other cities. There are many very tall skyscrapers. Trump Tower, Willis Tower, Aon Centre. There are many interesting places that are worth seeing, for example, Shedd Aquarium, which fascinated me.

Las Vegas: Las Vegas is the largest city in the state of Nevada in the USA. The entire Las Vegas area is best known for its nightlife. The Las Vegas Strip is 6.8 km away. There are 18 of the 25 largest hotels in the world and many casinos. The city is also known from many movies. There are a lot of deserts, weddings, chapels, gambling and concerts.

 Grand Canyon: it is a national park situated in Arizona.  It is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River. It is about 446 km long, 29 km wide and almost 2 km deep. You can go rafting, hiking and running there, helicopter tours are also popular. The rocks change their colour because they are of a different origin – sandstone, limestone…

Great Salt Lake: also situated in Utah is the largest salt lake in the USA. You can’t really swim there because there is too much salt – you can only float. It is saltier than the ocean.

Salt Lake City – winter Olympic Games in 2002

Hoover Dam: is a concrete dam on the Colorado River on the borders of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed during the Great Depression (velká hospodářská krize) and provided jobs to thousands of workers. It protected the area from floods and it was also the biggest water power station at that time. It is very famous because it has appeared in a number of American films.

The post The United States of America first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

Why do people travel?

People all around the world for various reasons. One of them is tourism – especially during holidays. People want to see the most beautiful sights of world’s famous metropolis: Rome, Venice, Paris, Amsterdam or Prague. Some people travel for business, for political and cultural reasons. Others travel for scientific purposes. Even smuggling is not unusual. Many people like traveling because it`s very exciting. They can see new places, meet new people and friends, eat something unusual and see the way of life in.

Means of transport

Most people don’t like to travel long, so it’s better to choose a plane that needs to be in Barcelona in two hours than to travel by bus, where it would take over 24 hours.When it comes to money, I would say that traveling by plane is the cheapest, because if you search for a long time and have patience, you can find tickets around Europe for up to a hundred crowns.The advantage of a bus is that it does not pollute as much air as an airplane.

The disadvantage of a bus – Some public transport systems are quite bad. Long waiting times. Unreliable in many regions. Delays may imply problems at work. Less flexibility regarding detours. Transportation of heavy goods may be a problem. Higher chance for infections with diseases. Pretty crowded at rush hour.

Disadvantage of a plane – Going through Security check, Delays, Cancellations, and Lost Baggage, Fear of Flying Environmental Impact

Advantage of a plane – Speed, Affordability, Safety, Comfort, Can Use Travel Time Constructively, The Joy of Flying

Více k této otázce najdete na webu Anglictina-maturita.cz, například zde:

• https://anglictina-maturita.cz/travelling-maturitni-otazka-z-anglictiny/

The post Travelling and Means of transport first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

The Czech Republic

• state in Central Europe
• it occupies an area of 78 864 sq km and has about 10,33 million inhabitants
• it borders on Slovakia in the east, on Poland in the north, on the Federal Republic of Germany in the north and in the west and on Austria in the south
• our state has a varied landscape. Bohemia is surrounded by a ring of mountains- the Šumava range, the Czech Forest, the Ore Mountains (Železné hory), the Jizerské Mountains, the Giant Mountains, and the Eagle Mountains
• the highest peak, Sněžka, is in the Giant Mountains. Roads, cable railways and chair lifts make the mountains accessible to tourists.
• The Moravian Plain is protected on the West by the Bohemian- Moravian Highland, and on the North by the wooded mountainous ranges of the Jeseníky and Beskydy
• fertile lowland can be found in the valleys of big rivers- the Vltava, the Elbe (flowing into the North Sea), the Oder (flowing into the Baltic Sea), and the Morava (flowing into the Danube and thence into the Black Sea)
• the longest river is the Several dams have been built on some rivers, forming large reservoirs; for example on the Vltava, the Ohře, the Dyje and others.
• there are only a few natural lakes in the Czech Republic (the largest natural lake- Černé Lake), Southern Bohemia has many artificial lakes which date from the 16^th century (the largest artificial lake is Rožmberk).
• And throughout the country there are number of mineral springs, around many of which spas have developed.
• primeval forest- Boubín, Žákova hora
• the scenery of the Czech Republic is varied: there are plains, hills, and valleys
• tourist attraction – the Bohemian Paradise and Bohemian Switzerland
• there are several karst regions too, with remarkable caves
• In the Moravian Karst there is the well-known Macocha Abyss and the underground river Punkva
• All these areas and many others with beautiful scenery are protected: they are nature reserves or national parks.
• The climate is mostly continental, the warmest area being in South Moravia

Industry – The Czech Republic is traditionally an industrial country

• electrical energy from coal and uranium
• most important part of our economy is engineering (machines, motorcars, locomotives, tractors, trams, …)
• metallurgical and chemical industries are important, too
• textile and glass industries have a long tradition
• tourism

Agriculture – is developed enough to feed the population and be able to export its product too.

• wheat, maize, sugar-beet, grapes, hops and fruit
• cattle and pig breeding
• Fish breeding (especially carp-breeding) has a long tradition

The post The Czech Republic – maturitní otázka first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

Czech Republic is situated in the middle of Europe,. Our country borders with Germany in the west, with Poland in the north, with Slovakia in the east and with Austria in the south. Czech Republic consists from historical parts: Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia.

Czech Republic is home for 10 mil. Inhabitants. Most of them are Czech origin, so we can say, that Czech Republic is one nation state. But there are several minorities, such as Slovaks, Vietnamese and Ukrainians. Prague it is the capital city and the seat of government and the president. The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy. The Parliament (Parlament České republiky) is bicameral, with the Chamber of Deputies (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna) (200 members) and the Senate (Czech: Senát) (81 members). Prague is famous for historical monuments. Next two big towns are in Moravia, Brno– the centre of Moravia and Ostrava. Plzen is in the west Bohemia and is the fourth largest town in our country, it is centre of engineering and world famous for beer production. Ceske Budejovice – centre of south Bohemia is historical town

Czech Republic has various surface, mountains create natural borders with our neighbours: so there are the Giant Mountains with the highest peak Snezka. There is also Sumava,   Jizerske mountains, Eagle mountains, Beskids,  Jesenik and  Karpatien. Bohemia and Moravia are separate by Bohemian-Moravian highlands. Lowlands are along rivers Vltava, Elbe and Dyje. Rivers in Czech Republic flow to the North Sea. The largest waterway is in the Elbe. On Elbe we can travel to Germany to Hamburg. On Vltava there are several dams, which are used to produce energy (Orlik, Slapy, Vrany, Lipno). This places are also used for recreation.

Our country has 4 seasons of the year. The warmest places are in southern Moravia and the coldest are in the Giant Mountains. Southern Moravia is thanks to its climate the most fertile part of Czech Republic. There are fertile lowlands along river Dyje.

Economy in Czech Republic has been changing for 13 years. We had to change basic economic system. We transformed from heavy industry to engineering and electronics production. Important position has chemical industry – petrol and oil products. Czech Republic had large resources of coal, especially Ostrava´s coal minds and coal minds around Most, Sokolov and Kladno. But after economic changes these areas were not important, so many of them were closed and a plenty of people lost their jobs. In these days most important industry is automotive – Skoda automobile in Mlada Boleslav, and chemical industry in Litvinov, Kralupy nad Vltavou, Neratovice. Engineering industry is in Plzen, Brno, Liberec. Textile industry Pisek, Prostejov glass industry with long tradition in Jablonec.

The post The Czech Republic – otázka z angličtiny first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

Travelling has become very popular all over the world. People travel for many different reasons. Usually we travel for holidays or for work. We can travel inside the Czech Republic or abroad. For travelling in Czech we don´t need any special documents. If we travel abroad we usually need to have some kind of document such as passport, identification card or even visa. It depends in which country we travel.

There are several different ways of transportation. The most popular once are buses, cars, trains and planes. Buses are used for public transportation in big cities as well as for long distance travelling. Very popular in Czech are yellow buses from Student Agency or Flick bus. It’s a great way of travelling, where you can relax, watch films and you can get free drink. Very similar type of transportation are trains, where the service is also very good.

People going far away usually travel by plane. Air transport is very popular all around the world. The competition has reduced the prices and the tickets are available for most of the people.

The most common way of transportation are cars. Almost 85% of Czech families have at least one car.

Most people around the world speak English and in Europe speak German. Travel does not only mean travelling abroad, but also exploring interesting places in our country or commuting to work or school. Through travel agencies, people have booked trips, tickets and accommodation. We can arrange different kinds of trips e.g.: Cultural excursions, recreational stays. Many foreign tourists travel to our country, especially for the beautiful nature, cult and historical monuments

In summer people like to travel to the beach. Most Czechs go to Croatia or Italy. In winter people like to go for skiing holiday. The best destinations are Austria, France and Italy.For travelling we can use many types of luggage according to the type of journey. We use a backpack for a longer sports trip. We use the rucksack when we go for a walk or to school. I

The post Travelling – otázka z anglického jazyka first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

HISTORY

• Prague (Praha) is the capital city of the Czech Republic. It is situated in central Bohemian on the Vltava River.
  It has about 1.2 million inhabitants. Prague is the centre of government, economics and culture.
• Prague was founded in 6 century. This foundation is connected with princess Libuše.
• In the 10 century was built the Vyšehrad castle.
  In 14 century Prague became the residence of Charles IV.  He founded the New Town, Charles University, which is the oldest university in middle Europe and built also the Charles Bridge.

  In 1918 Prague became the capital city of Czechoslovakia and Prague castle as the seat of the first Czechoslovakian president T. G. Masaryk.

•  From 1939 to 1945 was Prague occupied by the German Army. The „ Prague Spring“ in 1968 was a year of political relief, this was interrupted by Soviet invasion. The Velvet revolution in 1989 ended the communism decade.

SIGHTS

Prague Castle– Prague castle is dominant in the city. It is a block of palaces, religious buildings, and houses from all periods of history. Since 1918 it has been the seat of the president.
The most impressive building at the Castle is St. Vitus Cathedral, which was designed by two famous designers Petr Parléř and Matthias of Arras.

Wenceslas Square: it is the real centre of the city. At the top is the National Museum and the statue of the Czech patron, St. Wenceslas, on his horse. There are many shops.

Old Town Square: the dominants are Master Jan Hus Monument, St. Nicholas Church and the Astronomical Clock

Charles Bridge: It connects the Old Town and the Lesser Town. It is the most famous bridge in Prague. It was built by Charles 4, in the 14th century in the gothic style. Originally it was called Prague Bridge. They say that the inhabitants of Prague added eggs during its construction.

National Theatre– was built thanks to the money of people. Decorations are made by M. Aleš, F.Ženíšek, V. Hynais, J.V. Myslebek, and others. It is a place, where dramas, operas, and ballets are shown.

In Prague are also other theatres, for example Vinohrady theatre, ABC theatre, theatre Na zábradlí.

Petřín Tower  – is 60 meters tall with 299 steps and it is copy of Eiffel tower.

TRANSPORT

• Prague is important transport juction. In Prague is Airport Václava Havla.

SHOPPING

• The most famous and the most expensive is Paris Street. There are many famous shops as a PRADA, GUCCI, LUIS VITTON and other.

The post Prague – maturitní otázka first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

The Czech Republic, Prague, UNESCO

• 4 neighbours (Germany, Poland,Slovakia,Austria)
• 10 million people
• Capital city – Prague
• Popular tourist destination
• Favourite drink – beer
• Favourite food – guláš, knedlo vepřo zelo, svíčková (tenderloin)
• Favourite sport – hockey
• 3 regions- Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia
• Major cities- Brno, Plzeň, české budějovice, ostrava, karlovy vary
• 2 UNESCO sites – Český Krumlov, Kutná hora
• Rivers- Vltava, Elbe, Moravia
• Mountains- The Šumava rangers, The cz forest, The snow mountains 1602m
• Popular places- Prague castle, Charles bridge, The astrological clock, The Old town square

The Czech Republic is located in the middle of Europe. It is has four neighbour states. Germany is to the west, Poland is to the north, Slovakia is to the east and Austria is to the south. The local currency is the Czech Crown. The population of the Czech republic is 10 million. The capital city is Prague (Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic.) Prague has 1 million  inhabitans. It is a popular tourist destination. Prague is known as “the Golden City” and “the City of a Hundred Spiers ”because of its rich architecture. Some popular places in Prague are Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, the Astrological Clock, and the Old Town Square. Favourite drink in the Czech Republic is beer and favourite food is goulash, tenderloin, dupling,pork with cabbage. Czech republic has also favourite sport. it´s hockey.

The Czech republic is divided into three cultural regions: Bohemia (in the west), Moravia (in the east) and Silesia. Major cities of the Czech Republic are Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen, České Budějovice and Karlovy Vary. The longest river of the Czech republic is Vltava, the second is Moravia.

UNESCO SIGHTS/LANDMARKS (památky)

• The Historical Centre of Prague: its´ the best Czech destination.
• The Historical Centre of Český Krumlov:

The post The Czech Republic – maturitní otázka first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.

The Czech Republic is a country in the middle of Europe. It has about 11 milion inhabitants. The capital is Prague. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and more.

We bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the southeast, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west.The major nationalities living in the country are Czech, Moravian and Silesians, but there are minority groups such as the poles, the Germans and the Ukrainians.

Our national flag has two horizontal stripes (white and red) and blue wedge. Our currency is Czech crown. Our country has varied landscape. Bohemia is surrounded by a ring of mountains- the Šumava range, the Czech Forest,  the Ore Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, the Eagle and Giant Mountains, Jeseníky and Beskydy. The highest mountains in the Czech Republic is Snezka, which is 1602 meters high. The longest rivers are Elbe and Vltava, oder Morava.The climate is mostly continental. The warmest areas are in  South Moravia.

The Czech Republic has a rich history. There are many castles and chateaus. There are many sights which are registered on the pages of the UNESCO. Český Krumlov- i tis historical town in southern Bohemia on the Vltava River. There stay the second largest chateau in the CZ. In its garden is open-air theatre. We can find there Egon Schiele Centrum. Kutná hora- Town was called <town od miners>, there were the silver eploited. The patriot of miners was St. Barbora. In memory of her they built gothic cathedral which bears her name and dominates the town. This sight is in bad state, because town has a lack of money to repair it. Other sights which belongs to unesco are: Telč, Kroměříž, Hictoric core of Prague and more Holašovice Village or Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc.

Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne and Frantiskovy Lazne, The famous Czech Bohemian Triangle of spa goods, Karlovy Vary, was founded in 14h century by the Emperor Charles IV and has remained a popular place for patients from all over the world, especially those suffering from fro stomach, gallbladder and liver disorders. Mariánské Lázně, with its numerous parks and flower beds which make it one of the most attractive Czech spa towns, is a popular venue for patients suffering from kidney disorders, asthma, or nervous diseases. Located in the middle of woods and parks, Frantiskovy Lazne is a famous spa for patients with women and heart diseases. The Poet Goethe said this was „paradise on Earth“. The south of Bohemia belongs to the most beautiful regions of Europe. The water from the region is used in locally produced beverages including Mattoni from Karlovy Vary and Aquila from the village of Kyselka.

The Šumava Mountains, which are even today covered with charming woods and swamps, are a super summer and winter holiday region, with nice trips as well as sporting opportunities such as cycling or skiing. In addition, there is the Boubin primeval forest. The sunny, sunny landscape of South Bohemia is full of lakes for fish breeding, r. Also, the towns located in the region are extremely interesting: for example, Tabor, a town that became the center of the Hussite Wars of the 14h century, Ceske Budejovice and its famous beer Budweiser, Pisek with its stone bridge with seven arches, the second oldest bridge in central europe; The picturesque town of Český Krumlov with a castle from the early 13th century and many beautiful Gothic and Renaissance houses, or the town of Domažlice, the historical capital of the Chodsko Region. South Bohemia is also famous for its marvelous castles.

In the north of the country, the Giant Mountains are the highest mountain range with Snow and its highest peak (1602m), Industry is a typical feature of the region, and there are some of the largest industrial towns of the country (Liberec, Jablonec, Usti nad Labem etc.). The tow is surrounded by the Lusatian Mountains and the Jizera Mountains, a popular destination for winter holidaymakers, Unfortunately, air pollution has ice to huge damage to the forests in the passport decades.

The east part of Bohemia brings us close to Moravia. From the political point of view, It is part of the Czech lands, although it has retained its own traditions and history. Typical teatunavjan Southern part is wine farming, which is possible because of its moist climate. In Soutt villages, almost every house has its wine cellar. Wine farmers are visited by a lot of guests who are very enthusiastic about the local delicious wine.

South Moravia has a beautiful place called Moravian Karst with underground caves decorated with numerous stalactites and stalagmites of different shapes and colors. The cave labyrinth can be seen from boats floating on the underground river called Punkva A center of South Moravia, Brno is a remarkable city, unofficially known as the capital of Morana The city is known by foreign businessmen in particular as they come to see the trade fairs and in North Moravia, there is a fruitful agricultural region called Haná with a beantiful university and an important industrial center The mountains are also worth mentioning, and the Jeseniky exhibitions held there every year. called Olomouc, the second most important historical site of the Czech lands. Town Ostrava Beskydy Mountains are attractive destination for winter halidays.

The post The Czech Republic – otázka z angličtiny first appeared on Statni-maturita.cz.